Which of the following conditions is valproic acid primarily used to treat?

Valproic acid is primarily used to treat bipolar disorder due to its effectiveness in stabilizing mood and reducing the frequency of manic episodes. It functions as a mood stabilizer and has been found to have antimanic properties, making it a common choice in the management of bipolar disorder. Additionally, it is also used for the treatment of seizure disorders and has a role in migraine prophylaxis, but its designation as a mood stabilizer is particularly significant in the context of bipolar disorder management.

While cerebral edema, neurogenic shock, and chronic migraines can be serious conditions that require treatment, they are not first-line indications for valproic acid. Cerebral edema typically requires corticosteroids or osmotic agents, neurogenic shock is commonly treated with supportive measures, and chronic migraines are often managed with other prophylactic medications. Therefore, valproic acid's primary and well-established use remains in the treatment of bipolar disorder.