COMAT Foundational Biomedical Science (FBS) Practicce Exam

Aldosterone plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure in the body. Specifically, it is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that primarily promotes the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys. This reabsorption leads to an increase in fluid retention, as water follows the sodium, ultimately helping to raise blood volume and blood pressure.

The action of ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors) decreases the production of angiotensin II, a hormone that stimulates the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal glands. When ACE inhibitors are used, the reduced levels of angiotensin II lead to decreased secretion of aldosterone. As a result, sodium reabsorption and fluid retention are diminished, which is why option C accurately describes the role of aldosterone that is affected by ACE inhibitors.

This reduction in aldosterone levels has significant implications for managing conditions such as hypertension and heart failure, as it helps lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart.