Which drug class includes captopril and enalapril?

Captopril and enalapril belong to the class of medications known as ACE inhibitors, which stands for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors. This drug class functions by inhibiting the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. By blocking this conversion, ACE inhibitors reduce levels of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and reduced strain on the heart. They are commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, as well as for renal protection in patients with diabetes.

The other drug classes listed do not include these medications. Calcium channel blockers work by preventing calcium from entering cells of the heart and blood vessel walls, which helps to relax and widen blood vessels. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) also target the angiotensin system but do so by blocking the receptors that angiotensin II binds to, rather than inhibiting its formation. Lastly, beta blockers reduce heart rate and the force of contraction by blocking the effects of adrenaline on beta-adrenergic receptors. Each of these classes has distinct mechanisms and clinical uses, which differentiate them from ACE inhibitors.