Which condition is associated with hypothyroidism and hypogonadism in females?

Turner syndrome is a genetic condition that occurs in females who have a complete or partial absence of one of the X chromosomes. Individuals with Turner syndrome often exhibit a variety of physical and developmental features, which can include short stature, webbed neck, broad chest, and specific anatomical changes. One of the significant endocrine manifestations of Turner syndrome is hypothyroidism, which results from autoimmune thyroid disease that is more prevalent in these individuals.

Additionally, hypogonadism is common in Turner syndrome due to the underdevelopment or dysfunction of the ovaries. This leads to a lack of estrogen production and can result in delayed puberty, absence of menstrual periods, and infertility. The combination of these hormonal deficiencies—specifically low thyroid hormone levels contributing to hypothyroidism and diminished gonadal function contributing to hypogonadism—ties directly to the characteristics of Turner syndrome.

In contrast, the other conditions listed, such as spina bifida occulta, neurofibromatosis, and osteogenesis imperfecta, do not have a notable association with hypothyroidism and hypogonadism. Understanding the specific manifestations of Turner syndrome clarifies why it is linked to these endocrine abnormalities.