What type of deposits characterizes the buildup in carotid artery atherosclerosis?

The buildup in carotid artery atherosclerosis is characterized primarily by fatty deposits, commonly referred to as atheromatous plaques. These plaques are composed of lipids, such as cholesterol, as well as various other substances like cellular debris, inflammatory cells, and connective tissue elements. The accumulation of these fatty substances occurs within the arterial walls and is a key feature of atherosclerosis.

As the condition progresses, these fatty deposits can lead to narrowed arteries, reduced blood flow, and increased risk of cardiovascular events such as stroke or heart attack. This process is typically initiated by endothelial injury or dysfunction, leading to the infiltration of lipids into the intima of the artery and subsequent inflammation.

In contrast, while calcium deposits can occur in advanced atherosclerosis, they generally represent a later stage of plaque development and are not the primary characteristic of the initial buildup. Therefore, fatty deposits are the defining feature in the early stages of carotid artery atherosclerosis.