What symptom is commonly associated with renal artery stenosis?

Renal artery stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of one or both renal arteries, which can significantly affect renal blood flow and subsequently kidney function. Among the symptoms typically associated with this condition, sudden hypertension is particularly prominent. This high blood pressure occurs due to the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in response to reduced blood flow to the kidneys.

Hypokalemia can also be seen in patients with renal artery stenosis, primarily due to increased aldosterone production that results from RAAS activation. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption while increasing potassium excretion, leading to lower potassium levels in the blood.

Polyuria is another symptom that may arise in cases where renal function is compromised, particularly when there is a substantial reduction in nephron function or when diuretics are used to manage hypertension.

Given that renal artery stenosis can lead to a combination of these symptoms, the correct answer incorporates the understanding that all these conditions can manifest as a result of the underlying issue of renal artery stenosis. Each symptom can occur independently or in conjunction, making the collective response valid in the context of the disease's symptoms.