What is released by mast cells during the early reaction of allergic rhinitis?

During the early phase of allergic rhinitis, mast cells play a crucial role by releasing various inflammatory mediators. The primary substances released by mast cells include histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes.

Histamine is responsible for many immediate allergic symptoms, such as nasal congestion, sneezing, and itching, by causing vasodilation and increasing vascular permeability. Prostaglandins contribute further to the inflammatory response and can enhance the effects of histamine. Leukotrienes are potent mediators that promote bronchoconstriction and increase mucus secretion, contributing to the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

The other options consist of different types of substances that are not primarily involved in the early phase response of allergic reactions. Insulin and glucagon relate to glucose metabolism, while cytokines and chemokines are more associated with later stages of immune responses. Immunoglobulins and complement proteins are part of the adaptive immune response and are typically involved in later phases of allergic reactions, not the immediate response initiated by mast cells. Thus, the release of histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes directly correlates with the early symptoms of allergic rhinitis, making this answer correct.