What is characterized by mucus plugging, fibrosis, and cyst formation in cystic fibrosis?

Cystic fibrosis is primarily characterized by chronic airway obstruction, which results from secretions of thick, viscous mucus that block the airways. This mucus plugging hinders airflow, leading to chronic inflammation and recurrent respiratory infections. Over time, the constant obstruction can also lead to fibrosis and the formation of cysts in the lung tissue, causing further compromise of lung function. Hence, the correct choice illustrates the primary pathological feature of the disease, which significantly affects the respiratory system.

Decreased lung compliance might occur as a consequence of the disease but is not the defining characteristic. Increased lung capacity is not typically seen in cystic fibrosis due to the obstructive nature of the condition. Normal mucus production does not apply here, as cystic fibrosis manifests with abnormal (excessively thick and sticky) mucus production that leads to the mentioned complications.