What is a major clinical sign associated with Kwashiorkor?

Kwashiorkor is a type of protein-energy malnutrition that primarily arises from a deficiency of protein despite an adequate caloric intake. One of the hallmark clinical signs of Kwashiorkor is the presence of edema. This occurs due to low levels of albumin and other proteins in the blood, which results in decreased oncotic pressure. Consequently, fluid accumulates in the interstitial spaces, leading to swelling, particularly evident in the abdomen (potbelly appearance) and lower extremities.

In contrast, options like severe dehydration and hypertonic dehydration relate more to insufficient intake of fluids or loss of fluids, which are not characteristic of Kwashiorkor. Similarly, weight gain is not associated with this condition, as individuals with Kwashiorkor typically exhibit weight loss or stunted growth due to the lack of essential nutrients. Thus, edema stands out as a critical and defining clinical sign that is directly linked to the protein deficiency seen in Kwashiorkor.