What is a common side effect of thiazide diuretics?

Thiazide diuretics are well-known for their ability to promote diuresis, which involves the excretion of excess fluid through urine. One of the common side effects of thiazide diuretics is hypokalemia, which refers to a lower than normal concentration of potassium in the blood.

This occurs because thiazide diuretics increase the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, while simultaneously leading to increased potassium excretion. As sodium is reabsorbed, potassium is lost in the urine, resulting in a significant reduction in serum potassium levels.

Monitoring potassium levels is crucial for patients on thiazide diuretics because severe hypokalemia can lead to serious complications such as arrhythmias and muscle weakness. Educating patients about the importance of maintaining appropriate potassium intake through diet or supplementation may also be recommended to mitigate this side effect.