What genetic disorder is characterized by numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys?

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the formation of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. This condition leads to an increase in kidney size and can cause a variety of complications, including hypertension, abdominal or flank pain, and ultimately, renal failure. PKD is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that only one copy of the altered gene is sufficient to cause the disorder, although there is also a rarer form known as autosomal recessive PKD.

The presence of fluid-filled cysts distinguishes this condition from others. In nephronophthisis, there's a different mechanism of kidney damage that results primarily in nephron loss and scarring. Congenital renal agenesis refers to a developmental defect where one or both kidneys do not develop, while chronic kidney disease generally refers to progressive loss of kidney function over time, rather than the cystic formation seen in PKD.

Understanding the hallmark features of PKD, specifically the bilateral cystic enlargement of the kidneys, is crucial for identifying and managing this disorder effectively.